JHAR PSC

  Examine the defects of agricultural marketing in India. What steps are being taken by the Govt. to remove them?  भारत में कृषि बाजार के दोषों की समीक्षा कीजिए। इसके निदान के लिए सरकार द्वारा कौन-कौन से कदम उठाए जा रहे हैं?  ( 40 marks, JPSC-2019) The Indian economy is largely agrarian, with agriculture employing over 50% of the workforce and contributing significantly to the GDP. However, despite its importance, the agricultural marketing system in India faces numerous challenges that hinder the growth of the sector and reduce the income of farmers. This essay will examine the key defects of agricultural marketing in India and analyze the steps being taken by the government to address them.

  In the light of the parameters used for assessing economic reforms, critically examine its impact on Indian economy.  आर्थिक सुधारों के मूल्यांकन के लिए प्रयुक्त मापदण्डों को ध्यान में रखते हुए भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था पर इनके प्रभावों की आलोचनात्मक समीक्षा कीजिए। ( 40 marks, JPSC 2019 ) Assessing the Impact of Economic Reforms on the Indian Economy (1991 Onwards) The Indian economy underwent a paradigm shift in 1991 with the initiation of comprehensive economic reforms. These reforms, necessitated by a looming balance of payments crisis, aimed to dismantle the clutches of a centrally planned economy and usher in a market-oriented one. Here, we critically examine the impact of these reforms on the Indian economy, utilizing key parameters often employed for such assessments.

  How 'inclusion' is measure? Do Indian data show economic inclusion in employment and primary/ Secondary education?  'समावेशी' को कैसे मापा जाता है? क्या भारतीय आकड़े रोजगार एवं प्राथमिक/माध्यमिक शिक्षा में हुए आर्थिक समावेशन को दर्शाता है? ( 40 marks, JPSC 2019) Measuring Inclusion: A Multifaceted Approach Inclusion, a cornerstone of social development, signifies the ability of individuals and groups to participate fully in economic, social, and political life. Measuring inclusion requires a multifaceted approach, encompassing various indicators across different spheres. This essay will discuss key metrics for measuring economic inclusion in employment and primary/secondary education, with a specific focus on the Indian context and available data.

  Discuss various provisions in latest National Food Security Act. Show that the Act may reduce insecurity among low income people.  वर्तमान राष्ट्रीय खाद्य सुरक्षा अधिनियम के विभिन्न प्रावधानों का वर्णन कीजिए। दर्शाए कि यह अधिनियम निम्न आय वर्ग की खाद्य असुरक्षा को कम करने में सहायक होगा।  ( 40 marks, JPSC 2019) The National Food Security Act, 2013: A Lifeline for Low-Income Families The National Food Security Act (NFSA), enacted in 2013, stands as a landmark legislation in India's fight against hunger and malnutrition. It aims to guarantee access to affordable food grains for nearly two-thirds of the population, prioritizing the most vulnerable sections of society. This essay will delve into the key provisions of the NFSA and demonstrate how they can potentially reduce food insecurity among low-income families.

  Write notes on the followings: (a) Concept of public interest litigation (b) Right to Equality guaranteed in the Constitution. निम्नांकित पर टिप्पणियाँ लिखियेः                                                (40 marks, JPSC 2019) (a) जनहित मुकदमेबाजी की अवधारणा। (b) संविधान में समानता के अधिकार की गारंटी (a) Public Interest Litigation (PIL) Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a legal procedure in India that allows any citizen or organization to file a lawsuit on behalf of a group or the public interest. It empowers individuals to challenge the violation of fundamental rights or highlight social injustices, even if they haven't personally experienced them.

  Discuss in detail the impact of W.T.O. on Indian agriculture. भारतीय कृषि पर विश्व व्यापार संगठन के प्रभाव की विस्तृत विवेचना करें। (40 marks, JPSC 2019) The World Trade Organization (WTO) and its Impact on Indian Agriculture: A Double-Edged Sword The World Trade Organization (WTO), established in 1995, is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade. India, a member since its inception, has witnessed significant changes in its agricultural sector due to WTO agreements. This essay will analyze the multifaceted impact of WTO on Indian agriculture, highlighting both the benefits and challenges it presents.

  Discuss in detail recent changes in composition and direction of India's foreign trade.  हाल ही में भारतीय विदेशी व्यापार की संरचना एवं दिशा में हुए परिवर्तन की विस्तृत चर्चा करें।  ( 40 marks, JPSC 2019) India's foreign trade has undergone significant transformations in recent years, reflecting the country's evolving economic landscape and its growing integration with the global market. This essay will delve into these changes, analyzing the shifts in both the composition (what India trades) and direction (with whom India trades) of its foreign trade.

  Write notes on the following:.     (40 marks, JPSC 2019) (a) Composition and Role of Finance Commission. (b) Role of Chief Secretary in State Administration. (क) वित्त आयोग का गठन और भूमिका। (ख) राज्य प्रशासन में मुख्य सचिव की भूमिका

  Discuss the meaning and significance of Public Administration in post globalised world. वैश्वीकरण उपरांत की दुनिया में लोक प्रशासन के अर्थ तथा महत्व की विवेचना कीजिए। Public Administration in the Post-Globalized World  The world has undergone a dramatic transformation in recent decades due to globalization. This interconnectedness has significantly impacted various aspects of human life, and public administration is no exception. This essay will delve into the meaning and significance of public administration in the post-globalized world, exploring the challenges and opportunities it presents.

  The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments have infused life in the working of rural and urban local government institutions- Discuss critically. 73वें और 74वें संविधान संशोधनों ने ग्रामीण और नगरीय स्थानीय संस्थाओं के कार्यकरण में जीवन को अनुप्रेरित कर दिया है। आलोचनात्मक विवेचन कीजिये। ( 40 marks, JPSC 2019 ) The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments: A Critical Analysis of their Impact on Local Governance in India The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments, enacted in 1992, stand as landmark reforms in Indian democracy. These amendments ushered in a new era of decentralization by empowering rural and urban local governments ( Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) respectively). This essay critically analyzes the impact of these amendments on the functioning of local governance in India.

 Examine the powers and functions of Indian prime Ministers especially in post liberalization era.  विशेषकर उदारीकरण के बाद के दौर में भारतीय प्रधानमंत्रियों की शक्तियों तथा कार्यों का परीक्षण कीजिये। (40 marks, JPSC 2019) The Prime Minister of India: Leading the Nation in the Post-Liberalization Era  The Prime Minister (PM) of India occupies the highest executive position in the government. Following economic liberalization in the 1990s, the PM's role has evolved significantly. This essay will delve into the key powers and functions of the PM in the post-liberalization era.

 " Fundamental Rights in India are over stressed while Fundamental Duties are under emphasised". Do you agree? Give reasons to support your answer. "भारत में मूल अधिकारों पर अत्यधिक बल दिया जाता है जब कि मूल कर्तव्यों को कम महत्व दिया जाता है।" क्या आप सहमत हैं? अपने उत्तर के समर्थन में तर्क दीजिए। ( 40 marks, JPSC 2019) Fundamental Rights vs. Fundamental Duties: Striking a Balance  The Indian Constitution enshrines both Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties for its citizens. While Fundamental Rights (FRs) guarantee basic freedoms and protections, Fundamental Duties (FDs) outline the responsibilities expected of citizens. This essay will explore the debate on whether FRs are over-emphasized compared to FDs.