JHAR PSC

  Introduction Inflation, a persistent rise in the general level of prices of goods and services over time, is a constant concern for policymakers worldwide. It erodes purchasing power, squeezes household budgets, and can act as a brake on economic growth. 

Introduction India, a rising economic powerhouse, grapples with a persistent challenge: the trade balance of payment (BOP) problem. This issue refers to the imbalance between the value of a country's imports and exports.  India's economic growth story has been remarkable in recent decades. However, a persistent challenge lies in its Balance of Payments (BoP), which reflects the country's international transactions. 

  Introduction Public expenditure refers to government spending, or public expenditure, which plays a crucial role. From building roads to funding education, public spending shapes a nation's trajectory. This article will explore into the key causes of public expenditure growth, analyze its impact on the economy, and explore the implications of internal and external borrowings used to finance it.

  Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and taxation decisions to achieve specific economic objectives. In the dynamic world of economics, governments wield a powerful tool called fiscal policy to influence economic activity. This policy focuses on government spending and taxation decisions to achieve specific macroeconomic goals, including employment stability and economic development.  

  Introduction Judicial review, a cornerstone of Indian democracy, empowers the judiciary to scrutinize the actions of the legislature and executive, ensuring they conform to the Constitution. 

The Governor, occupying a pivotal position in the Indian federal system, walks a tightrope. The statement, "A governor should be discharging his/her duty in accordance with the spirit of the constitution, not just be an agent of the centre," highlights the inherent tension in this role. Let's delve deeper into this critical aspect of Indian polity.

  The Rule of Law: Cornerstone of a Just Indian Society  The rule of law, a fundamental principle enshrined in the Indian Constitution, ensures that everyone, from ordinary citizens to the highest authorities, is subject to the law. 

  Introduction The principle of natural justice, a cornerstone of fair legal proceedings, transcends codified laws. It embodies the inherent sense of what is just and reasonable in decision-making that affects an individual's rights. 

  Public vs. Private Administration: Serving Different Masters  Public administration and private administration, though seemingly similar, operate with distinct goals, structures, and motivations. 

  Introduction  The Cabinet Secretary, a crucial figure in India's administrative machinery, serves as the chief advisor to the Prime Minister and the Union Cabinet. This central role is well-defined by convention and supported by various articles of the Constitution.

Introduction The Supreme Court of India (SC) stands as the apex court in the Indian judiciary, safeguarding the Constitution and upholding the rule of law. Established under Part V of the Constitution and articles 124 to 147 deal with constitutional provisions, it serves as the final interpreter of the Constitution and a vital check on the legislative and executive branches of government. This essay delves into the multifaceted role, power, and principles guiding the SC, along with its recent developments.

  Introduction The Planning Commission of India (PC) played a pivotal role in shaping India's economic trajectory for over six decades. Established in 1950 through a resolution of the Government of India, it served as the central planning agency, formulating Five-Year Plans that guided the nation's economic development. However, on 1st January 2015, the PC was replaced by a new institution – NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India). This essay delves into the historical role, functions, and composition of the Planning Commission, analyzing its strengths and limitations within the context of India's evolving economic landscape.

The Pillars of Indian Governance: An Exploration of Union Administration Components The effective functioning of the Indian government hinges on a robust Union Administration, the nerve center of executive decision-making and policy implementation. This intricate machinery comprises various key components, each playing a critical role in ensuring smooth administration and national progress. Here, we delve into five crucial facets of the Union Administration:

  Introduction In the world's largest democracy, the Election Commission of India (ECI) stands as the cornerstone of a free and fair electoral process. This independent constitutional body plays a pivotal role in ensuring the smooth functioning of Indian democracy by conducting elections to Parliament, state legislatures, the offices of the President and Vice-President, and even local bodies in some states. This essay delves into the role, functions, and significance of the ECI, highlighting its contribution to a vibrant Indian democracy.

  The Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG): Guardian of Public Funds The Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) plays a critical role in ensuring financial accountability and transparency in government expenditures. Here's an evaluation of its significance:

Introduction Disasters, both natural and human-induced, pose a constant threat to humanity. While complete prevention might not always be possible, disaster mitigation, immediate response, and effective long-term recovery are crucial for minimizing their impact and building resilient communities. 

  Disaster Management: Disasters are a constant threat to humanity, disrupting lives, causing widespread damage, and hindering development. Effective disaster management is crucial for mitigating these impacts and building resilient societies. 

. How did the integration of princely states into the Indian Union shape the post-independence political landscape, and what were the key challenges and strategies employed in achieving this integration? भारतीय संघ में रियासतों के एकीकरण ने स्वतंत्रता के बाद के राजनीतिक परिदृश्य को कैसे आकार दिया, और इस एकीकरण को प्राप्त करने में नियोजित प्रमुख चुनौतियां और रणनीतियां क्या थीं। The Shaping of Modern India: Integrating Princely States The integration of princely states, over 500 semi-autonomous territories, into the newly independent India in 1947 was a crucial event that shaped the post-colonial political landscape. This complex process involved negotiations, persuasion, military action, and political maneuvering.